The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is endowed with an abundance of natural resources, particularly minerals, but grapples with poverty and conflict. As a major global supplier of copper and cobalt, with substantial reserves of gold, tin, and coltan, one would expect these resources to have generated widespread prosperity for its citizens. However, the DRC's resources are often tied to corruption, conflict, and the "resource curse," where resource wealth worsens development challenges. The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is a major global supplier of minerals, including cobalt, copper, diamonds, gold, tantalum, and tin. The country's mining industry is a significant sector of its economy, with mineral exports accounting for over 95% of its export revenues. Mining activities range from large-scale industrial projects to smaller artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) operations. But why hasn't the DRC become one of the richest and most developed nations worldwide despite its vast resources?

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